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A novel conductometric biosensor based on hybrid organic/inorganic recognition element for determination of L-arginine



1. Introduction

L-arginine (L-arg) plays a pivotal role in numerous physiological processes, including protein synthesis and nitric oxide production. Accurate quantification of L-arg in complex real-world samples such as food matrices presents a significant analytical challenge. This study presents the development of a novel conductometric biosensor that addresses these challenges by integrating enzyme specificity and material selectivity for enhanced analytical performance.

2. Biosensor Design and Component Configuration

The biosensor was constructed using a co-immobilization strategy involving two enzymes—arginase and urease—alongside an ammonium-sensitive zeolite, clinoptilolite (Clt). Various configurations were tested to optimize signal sensitivity, with the most effective design featuring a base layer of Clt on the gold interdigitated electrode surface, followed by the enzyme layer. This arrangement maximized substrate interaction and ion selectivity, crucial for biosensor performance.

3. Analytical Performance and Optimization

Among the tested designs, the Clt-first configuration exhibited superior analytical characteristics: high sensitivity (9.61 ± 0.01 μS/mM), a low limit of detection (5 μM), and a broad dynamic range (0–15 mM). The biosensor also showed a consistent linear detection range (0–280 μM), making it highly suitable for detecting L-arg at both trace and moderate concentrations in real samples.

4. Influence of Solution Parameters on Sensor Sensitivity

Environmental conditions such as pH, ionic strength, and buffer capacity significantly influenced biosensor performance. Systematic evaluation revealed optimal operational conditions that minimized signal interference, ensuring accurate and reproducible readings. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing solution parameters for biosensor application in diverse sample matrices.

5. Application to Real Sample Analysis

The biosensor was successfully applied to quantify L-arg in various food samples, confirming its effectiveness in real-world complex matrices. When compared with ion chromatography, a standard reference technique, the biosensor results showed high correlation (R = 0.96), validating its accuracy and potential for routine L-arg analysis in food and clinical diagnostics.

6. Stability and Practical Implications

Long-term stability studies demonstrated the biosensor’s robustness in both operational and storage conditions, with minimal signal degradation over time. Its high precision, coupled with low cost and ease of use, highlights the biosensor’s potential for widespread application in food safety, nutritional science, and biomedical research.


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Hashtags

#BiosensorDevelopment #LArginineDetection #ConductometricBiosensor #EnzymeImmobilization #ZeoliteClinoptilolite #Arginase #Urease #FoodAnalysis #BiochemicalSensors #PointOfCareDiagnostics #BioanalyticalChemistry #SensorTechnology #ElectrochemicalDetection #IonSelectiveSensors #RealSampleAnalysis #AnalyticalPerformance #NutritionalBiochemistry #LabOnChip #BiomedicalApplications #SmartSensors

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