Biophotonics procures wide practicability in life sciences and medicines. The contribution of biophotonics is well recognized in various Nobel Prizes. Therefore, this paper aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of biophotonics publications. The scientific database used is the Web of Science database. Harzing's Publish or Perish and VOSviewer are the bibliometric tools used in this analysis.
This study found an increasing trend in the number of publications in recent years as the number of publications peaked at 347 publications in 2020. Most of the documents are articles (3361 publications) and proceeding papers (1632 publications). The top three subject areas are Optics (3206 publications), Engineering (1706 publications) and Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Medical Imaging (1346 publications).
The United States has the highest number of publications (2041 publications) and citation impact (38.07 citations per publication; h-index: 125). The top three publication titles are Proceedings of SPIE (920 publications), Journal of Biomedical Optics (599 publications), and Proceedings of the Society of Photo Optical Instrumentation Engineers SPIE (245 publications). The potential areas for future research include to overcome the optical penetration depth issue and to develop publicly available biosensors for the detection of common diseases.
Biophotonics is the scientific application of optics in life sciences. It is a breakthrough in biological, pharmaceutical, environmental and agricultural science, and in the medical area [1]. This field can be traced back to the 1600s when Antonie van Leeuwenhoek created the single-lens microscope to observe bacteria and protozoa [2]. Then, in 1903, Niels Ryberg Finsen won the Nobel Prize for the treatment of lupus vulgaris with concentrated light radiation [3,4]. In 2008, Shimomura, Chalfie and Tsien received the Nobel Prize for the findings of green fluorescent protein which is used as a marker protein to observe cells [5,6]. In 2014, Betzig, Hell and Moerner were also recognized with the Nobel Prize award for their super-resolved fluorescence microscopy [7].
Nakamura, Mukai and Senoh's discovery of gallium nitride blue light emitting diodes, which has also been awarded with the Nobel Prize, has potential applications in phototherapy and photobiomodulation [8–10]. In 2018, a Nobel Prize was partly awarded to Arthur Ashkin for the invention of optical tweezers which can be used to study the DNA in bacteriophage capsids [11–13].
Nakamura, Mukai and Senoh's discovery of gallium nitride blue light emitting diodes, which has also been awarded with the Nobel Prize, has potential applications in phototherapy and photobiomodulation [8–10]. In 2018, a Nobel Prize was partly awarded to Arthur Ashkin for the invention of optical tweezers which can be used to study the DNA in bacteriophage capsids [11–13].
The application of biophotonics in diagnostics and therapeutics has helped patients with early detection and targeted treatments for their infections. Electron microscopy and light microscopy can detect nano-scale particles to elucidate virus morphology. Interferometric light microscopy can also differentiate viruses from other nano-scale particles with higher sensitivity to determine virus concentration [14,15].
Atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopy and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy also enable the retrieval of the structural characteristics of viruses such as the COVID-19 virus [16–18]. Surface plasmon resonance sensing is also useful to characterize biomolecular interactions by immobilizing the receptors on the sensors [19–21]. Methods such as fluorescence microscopy and vibrational spectroscopy can be used to determine the viral load of a patient. Since biophotonics has many practical uses, this paper performs a bibliometric analysis of the application and practicability of biophotonics throughout the years of research in the Web of Science database.
Atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopy and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy also enable the retrieval of the structural characteristics of viruses such as the COVID-19 virus [16–18]. Surface plasmon resonance sensing is also useful to characterize biomolecular interactions by immobilizing the receptors on the sensors [19–21]. Methods such as fluorescence microscopy and vibrational spectroscopy can be used to determine the viral load of a patient. Since biophotonics has many practical uses, this paper performs a bibliometric analysis of the application and practicability of biophotonics throughout the years of research in the Web of Science database.
Bibliometric analysis is the precise exploration of scientific data to unravel the evolution of a research area [22,23]. Bibliometric analysis also sheds light on the prominent topics in the research area [24]. However, the bibliometric analysis application in biophotonics is very new and underdeveloped and has not been carried out in the current literature.
Bibliometric analysis of biophotonics is timely considering the presence of scientific databases such as Web of Science for data extraction and the ease of analysis with bibliometric tools such as Harzing's Publish or Perish and VOSviewer [25–27]. Bibliometric analysis is powerful for its ability to analyse large volume of data and provide impartial insights on the performances of articles, authors, and journals.
There are two parts of bibliometric analysis to study the intellectual structure of a research area, namely performance analysis and thematic analysis. Performance analysis involves three metrics in terms of publication, citation, and both citation and publication [28–30]. Publication metric includes total publications (TP); citation metrics are total citations (TC) and average citations per paper (C/P); citation and publication metrics include citations per cited publication (C/CP), h-index (h), and g-index (g). Thematic analyses examine the co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence of the research area [31].
Hence, this paper conducts a bibliometric analysis of biophotonics using the Web of Science database from 1984 to 2023 as of July 5, 2023. This bibliometric analysis of biophotonics publications began with the first indexed publication on the Web of Science database, which was in 1984. The endpoint was chosen based on the date of extraction on July 5, 2023. The research questions of this bibliometric analysis are as follows.
World Biophotonics Research Awards
Visit: biophotonicsresearch.com
Nominate Now: https://biophotonicsresearch.com/award-nomination/?ecategory=Awards&rcategory=Awardee
Bibliometric analysis of biophotonics is timely considering the presence of scientific databases such as Web of Science for data extraction and the ease of analysis with bibliometric tools such as Harzing's Publish or Perish and VOSviewer [25–27]. Bibliometric analysis is powerful for its ability to analyse large volume of data and provide impartial insights on the performances of articles, authors, and journals.
There are two parts of bibliometric analysis to study the intellectual structure of a research area, namely performance analysis and thematic analysis. Performance analysis involves three metrics in terms of publication, citation, and both citation and publication [28–30]. Publication metric includes total publications (TP); citation metrics are total citations (TC) and average citations per paper (C/P); citation and publication metrics include citations per cited publication (C/CP), h-index (h), and g-index (g). Thematic analyses examine the co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence of the research area [31].
Hence, this paper conducts a bibliometric analysis of biophotonics using the Web of Science database from 1984 to 2023 as of July 5, 2023. This bibliometric analysis of biophotonics publications began with the first indexed publication on the Web of Science database, which was in 1984. The endpoint was chosen based on the date of extraction on July 5, 2023. The research questions of this bibliometric analysis are as follows.
World Biophotonics Research Awards
Visit: biophotonicsresearch.com
Nominate Now: https://biophotonicsresearch.com/award-nomination/?ecategory=Awards&rcategory=Awardee
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